Steel peb



Ap, M; mm. mmm@ 1 M. B... BEAVER STEEL PEB Filed April 15, 1922 Patentd pr. Z4, 1923.- U As N LERUPY BEAVER, @F

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` application tleiltnrll lt, lett. terlal tto, attuati".

To alt 'whom it may concern:

Be it linoun that l, Haumann Lenoir maven, a citizen et the United 1Statcs,resid ing at Philadelphia in the county ot Philade phia, State ot hennsylvania, have invented certainv nevv and `usetul improvements in Steel Polos, ot which the tollen/ing is a description, reterence heing had to the accompanying dravving and to the gures ot reference marlred thereon..

rthis invention relates to polishing 'material tor polishin or hurnishing metal articles, includin p ated Ware and manutactured parte.

lleretotore, in polishing or h-urnishing metal articles, ithas heen customary to place the articles `in `a tumhling harrel together vvith the polishin material generally consisting ot rejecte polished steel halls and special shapes, auch as oats, spichets or other specially made pointed steel torms. I'these special shapes vvere tound indispensable tor the reason that the halls alone vvhile idealy tor Ahurnisliing smooth surtaces, vvere never ahle to polish the crevices, corners, irregularities or small indentations in the surtaces to he polished. hat the one great ohjcction to the special shapes lay in tieirinordinatecost since they vvere either die or machine made.

'lhe main ohjiect ot the `present invention resides in providing a'n improved polishing material which is not only economical to manutacture, hut vvliich comhines the polishing qualities ot hoth the steel halls and the tllll 4eiiistent specially] made polishing shapes having the rojections, another o ject ot this invention resides in providinga polishing material vvhich vvill most eltectively polish the complete surtace ot the article, due to the tact that each polishing unit possesses an individual and dis tinctive shape, generally including in its contour, a rounded surtace together vvith one or more projections so that the units hecanse ot the great diversity ot shapes, are hetter suited to project into the variantly contoured superhcial 1jwlarities `and irregularities ot the articles tohe polished.,

|these and other ohjects vvill he apparent trom la perusal ot the tollovvin .specihcan tion ivhen talien vvith the accompanying drawing, wherein- 4 l i 'lie hgure discloses a tevv ot typical shapes ot the polished. steelunits.

ln its hroad asect, the invention resides in the novel alla an lh procesa at reducing a linished metal polishin or urnishing material, compi'isin "polshed metallic units, each ot which has ts distinct,

substantially irre semhling pehhles in this respect, a their individual irregularities and variant contours.

'llhese steel pehhle-lihe shapes'incliide not only approximately round metallic polishing units hut also units vvhich coprehend a rounded polished surtace and one ormore polished projections or juttin surtaees ot ivers shapes and siaes, vvhic are manitestl most etiective on polishing those parts vvhic cannot he hurnished hy the suhstantially round polishing units,

.as a nove process ot malring my! imlar term or shae, re-` ttl,

proved polishing torni or units, l atomiae a stream otmolten iron hy means ot a column ot steam or the lilre. llhe steam contactingv vvith the molten metal euplodes it violently, tdisrupting the metal into lsmall particles ot variant sizes which, telling through the air, assume somewhat spherical shapes ot varyingn irregularities and contours. ln particu ar, the disruptive torce ot the steam tends to produce on these suhstantially rounded terms, small hns, projections or comples jutting surtaces which ersist in the tinished unit. ln traversing tl e air, these terms hecome snperhcially chilled and talre their permanent set hetero telling into a hody ot Water vvhere they are chilled to intense hardness,

"llhese chilled metal hlanlrs or terms are novv treated to remove the coating ot rust and scales resulting trom the rapid oxidation during the toregoing stage in their termation. y 'llo this end, the yhlanlrs are placed in preterahl cast iron thling harrels, to ivhich is addlh ahrasive material, such as -liennaliine and the mass is then covered vi/ith vvater to a depth ot one or tivo inches.. llhe harrel is then o erated tor a considerahle eriod duin ing vv ich'time the action ot teahrasive cleans and polishes the surtace ot the hlanlis and soothe ott' `all rough edges. 'the hla are their shed, preterahly in helling vvater to remove all trace et the olishing material and are then drieddesira ly in vvood tlour in a riddle., 'the hlas are novv placed in vvooden tumloling hareels vvith the necessary quantity ot leather clippings or the lilre, and operated until. the hlanlis are highly had, l operation completen the trant dll titl

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lllll ltltt lltl mentof the blanks, except for a sli ht inspection wherein certain ill-formed lanks, such as those blanks which stick together in irregular masses or strings, are picked out.

'As a result of the foregoing proce, each blank is given 'a high polish. The surface of each b ank is absolutely lass-hard and cannot be touched with a ne Swiss file. With respect to shape, these blanks differ from ordinary rejected bearing balls which have heretofore been used for burnishing ur oses, in that bearingballs are absoute y round and are drawn after hardening to toughen them to resist load shocks, thereby destroying at least partially their eiciency for proper burnishing work. In general, these finished blanks or metallic forms tend to assume somewhat of a round shape, but the majority of them include irregular curved surfaces of varying radii. The various shapes illustrated in the drawing are fair exam les of the-various outlines and divers olished formscorrespondingto the inishe blanks. It will be noted that some of the distinctive forms are the pear-shaped taper form, which has the appearance of a combination of a round ball and a steel oat. In other words,the incorporation of a curved ball surface and a drawn point. Some are spheroidal in form, and few, if any of them, are substantially4 round, even though they have arounded appearance.

vThe polishing action of these metallic polished pebbles or finished blanks is comparable to the burnished tool in the hands of a workman in that it is used in a large mass, and the weight of these particles pressing down on the material to be burnished, forces these particles to travel over the surface o f the articles in the barrel, thereby causi the burnished finish. The polishing umtslor pebbles, because of their multiplicity of shapes or forms have a greater break-up and a more eccentric wave to effect the burnish or polish on a given'article than could be obtained than by using l rfectly round balls or a mixture of perfect y round balls or spickets, which are merely snibs of wire, generally 3/32 in diameter and 3/8" ,or steel oats which are double pointed stee sha resembling an oat grain, or cones which are 4double pointed with an intervening flange, for the reason' that these pebbles entirely eliminate the-necessity for such added auxiliary Apolishing elements,

.existing polishin a such as the oats, cones and spickets. This is due to the fact that each of my polishing blanks, or at least, a great majorit of them, incorporate both the rounded sur ace and a projectin surface corresponding to that of one of t ese auxiliary polishing elements, which latter are shaped to find their way into crevices, where a true ball, by reason of its curved surface, cannot go. Experience has shown that the varying shapes and sizes of projections on the finished blanks will satisfactorily and successfully burnish down into angles as small as 1/64 It is evident that a lishin material such as has been just escribe possesses marked advantages over any material heretofore used, first, for the reason that the various unsymmetrical shapes and odd sizes incorporatin both the rounded surface and the various s aped projections, also of different sizes, permit the units to shift'about and makel polishing contact with indentations, superficial irre larities and angular surfaces on the artic e to be polished, and secondly, if not mainly, for the reason that the above-described polishing material can be made much more economically than the material now used, due to the ct that t e latter includes the specially made shapes which are extremely expensive.

It is, obvious that minor changes in the details of construction and the arrangement of the parts may be made without departin from the spirit of the invention as set fort in the appended claims.

' Having thus described the invention, what I claim as newand desire to secure by Letters. Patent, is-

1. A- metal polishing material comprising heteromorphic, asymmetrical polished me, tallic units, a` portion of which have projections adapted to make polishing contact with the angular surfaces of the metal part to be lished.

2. metal polishin material comprisingA parts' kto be polished.

In testimony whereof, I aix my signature.

HERMANN LEROY BEAVER. 

